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Real numbers are closed under addition and subtraction. To get a number outside the real number system you would have to use square root.
Real numbers are commutative (if that is what the question means) under addition. Subtraction is a binary operation defined so that it is not commutative.
The set of integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers are some of the sets. Also, many of their subsets: for example, all numbers divisible by 3.
The set of real numbers is closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (except that you cannot divide by zero). By closed, this means that if the two numbers in the operation are both real numbers, the result of the operation will always be a real number. Dividing by zero is undefined (for all practical purposes)
Not by itself. A mathematical operation has properties in the context of a set over which it is defined. It is possible to have a set over which properties are not valid.Having said that, the set of rational numbers is closed under subtraction, as is the set of real numbers or complex numbers.Multiplication is distributive over subtraction.