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According to wiki: In calculus, integration by substitution is a method for finding antiderivatives and integrals. Using the fundamental theorem of calculus often requires finding an antiderivative. For this and other reasons, integration by substitution is an important tool for mathematicians. It is the counterpart to the chain rule of differentiation.
Horizontal integration in supply chain refers to the process of a company acquiring or merging with other firms at the same stage of production or distribution, often to increase market share or reduce competition. Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves a company taking control of multiple stages of the supply chain, either by acquiring suppliers (backward integration) or distributors (forward integration), to enhance efficiency and reduce dependency on external parties. Both strategies aim to strengthen a company's position in the market and improve overall operational efficiency.
Horizontal integration is a business strategy where a company acquires or merges with other companies at the same level of the supply chain, often to increase market share and reduce competition. Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves a company taking control of multiple stages of production or distribution within its supply chain, either by acquiring suppliers (backward integration) or distributors (forward integration). Both strategies aim to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve competitive advantage.
Vertical intergration is where a company moves down the chain of distribution for example Thomas Cook is a tour operator and then it became a travel agents as well
Vertical integration occurs when a company expands its operations into different stages of production within the same industry. The primary reasons for vertical integration include reducing costs by eliminating intermediaries, improving supply chain efficiency, gaining greater control over the production process, and enhancing product quality. It can also provide a competitive advantage by securing resources or distribution channels, thus increasing market power. Overall, vertical integration aims to streamline operations and maximize profitability.
Vertical integration allows companies to control their supply chain, reducing costs and increasing efficiency by eliminating middlemen. It also enhances product quality and ensures consistent supply. Horizontal integration, on the other hand, enables firms to increase market share and reduce competition by acquiring or merging with similar companies. This can lead to economies of scale, increased bargaining power, and improved access to new markets and resources.
Supply chain integration is the integration of processes within a traditional supply chain. An example of this would be when consumers become co-producers of a product.
The substitution method undoes the chain rule.
Virtual Integration is to have control on the departments or businesses in the chain without owning them.where, Vertical Integration is like owning the departments or businesses in the chain.
One can find information about supply chain integration in industry publications, academic research papers, conferences, and business websites. Additionally, online platforms like LinkedIn and professional organizations related to supply chain management often share articles and resources on this topic. Consulting firms and supply chain management software providers also offer insights and best practices on supply chain integration.
Horizontal integration is the merging or takeover of a company that is in the same market and at the same stage of the supply chain.
a more modern hiearhial chain authority
Supply chain integration is how customers and suppliers develop closer relationship with each other. In order to make integration happen, you need to form strategic partnership. Integration usually involves sharing of market information, demand data, capacity data. High level of integration is to connect different software system together so that data can be transmitted between customer and supplier without manual operations.
i don't know if this is meant to say backwards horizontal integration but i know what backwards vertical integration is whether its the same thing or not. Backwards vertical integration is where one business further forward in the chain of production buys another firm further back in the chain ie Tertiary takes over primary eg retailer takes over supplier.
Horizontal integration in supply chain refers to the process of a company acquiring or merging with other firms at the same stage of production or distribution, often to increase market share or reduce competition. Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves a company taking control of multiple stages of the supply chain, either by acquiring suppliers (backward integration) or distributors (forward integration), to enhance efficiency and reduce dependency on external parties. Both strategies aim to strengthen a company's position in the market and improve overall operational efficiency.
Resource substitution is the process of replacing one resource with another in order to achieve the same outcome. This can be done to improve efficiency, reduce costs, or address supply chain disruptions. Organizations often consider resource substitution as a strategic option to enhance their operations.
Using chain rule:integral of cos2x dx= 1/2 * sin2x + C
horizontal integration is partnering with other firms in the same or similar industries. vertical integration is partnering with companies that provide some service in the supply chain, ex. suppliers or vendors, of your industry.