In a right triangle (where one angle is 90 degrees) if the length of the sides are A, B, and C, and the sides A and B form the right angle (90 degrees) then A2 + B2 = C2.
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If you are packing items into a box, you can use square roots along with Pythagorean theorem to help determine if a smaller box could work with items packed diagonally.
A box is a 3-dimensional object and only two measures are given so it is not clear what the question means. Across the base of the box, the diagonal is 10*sqrt(2) = 14.142 approx.
Use Pythagoras' theorem to find the length of the outer diagonal and then use this as the base for the inner diagonal (the longest length of the cube) 82+82 = 128 and the square root of this is 11.3137085 cm 11.31370852+82 = 192 and the square root of this is 13.85640646 cm The longest pencil is 13.85640646 or just under 14 cm
Since the length and breadth are not given, the length of the diagonal can be anything from the smallest fraction to the largest number of units.
The long diagonal will be sqrt(7500) cm = 86.60 cm (to 2 dp)