It is: q+p because a double minus becomes a plus
The equivalent of an inverse statement is formed by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement. For example, if the original statement is "If P, then Q" (P → Q), the inverse would be "If not P, then not Q" (¬P → ¬Q). While the inverse is related to the original statement, it is not necessarily logically equivalent.
Statements that are always logically equivalent are those that yield the same truth value in every possible scenario. Common examples include a statement and its contrapositive (e.g., "If P, then Q" is equivalent to "If not Q, then not P") and a statement and its double negation (e.g., "P" is equivalent to "not not P"). Additionally, the negation of a statement is logically equivalent to the statement's denial (e.g., "not P" is equivalent to "if not P, then false"). These equivalences play a crucial role in logical reasoning and proofs.
Conditional ConnectivesThe statement `if p then q' is called a conditional statement and is written logically as p ! q.(This asserts that the truth of p guarantees the truth of q.)p ! q can also be read as `p implies q', where p is sometimes called the antecedent and qtheconsequent.Examples:p: It is raining.q: I get wet.p ! q: If it is raining, then I get wet.s: It is Sunday.w: I have to work today.s ! w: If it is Sunday, then I have to work today.»s ! w: If it is not Sunday, then I have to work today.s !»w: If it is Sunday, I do not have to work today.(s ^ p) !»w: If it is Sunday and it's raining, then I don't have to work today.To examine the truth or falsity of p ! q, suppose p and q are the following propositionsp: I win the lottery,q: I will buy you a car.Then p ! q is the statement `If I win the lottery, then I will buy you a car'.
The sum of p and q means (p+q). The difference of p and q means (p-q).
The expression ( p \land q ) is called the conjunction of ( p ) and ( q ). It represents the logical operation where the result is true only if both ( p ) and ( q ) are true. If either ( p ) or ( q ) is false, the conjunction ( p \land q ) is false.
The statement "If not q, then not p" is logically equivalent to "If p, then q."
p --> q and q --> p are not equivalent p --> q and q --> (not)p are equivalent The truth table shows this. pq p --> q q -->(not)p f f t t f t t t t f f f t t t t
The statement "if not p, then not q" always has the same truth value as the conditional "if p, then q." They are logically equivalent.
The equivalent of an inverse statement is formed by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion of a conditional statement. For example, if the original statement is "If P, then Q" (P → Q), the inverse would be "If not P, then not Q" (¬P → ¬Q). While the inverse is related to the original statement, it is not necessarily logically equivalent.
Statements that are always logically equivalent are those that yield the same truth value in every possible scenario. Common examples include a statement and its contrapositive (e.g., "If P, then Q" is equivalent to "If not Q, then not P") and a statement and its double negation (e.g., "P" is equivalent to "not not P"). Additionally, the negation of a statement is logically equivalent to the statement's denial (e.g., "not P" is equivalent to "if not P, then false"). These equivalences play a crucial role in logical reasoning and proofs.
The relational operators: ==, !=, =.p == q; // evaluates true if the value of p and q are equal, false otherwise.p != q; // evaluates true of the value of p and q are not equal, false otherwise.p < q; // evaluates true if the value of p is less than q, false otherwise.p q; // evaluates true if the value of p is greater than q, false otherwise.p >= q; // evaluates true of the value of p is greater than or equal to q, false otherwiseNote that all of these expressions can be expressed logically in terms of the less than operator alone:p == q is the same as NOT (p < q) AND NOT (q < p)p != q is the same as (p < q) OR (q < p)p < q is the same as p < q (obviously)p q is the same as (q < p)p >= q is the same as NOT (p < q)
Conditional ConnectivesThe statement `if p then q' is called a conditional statement and is written logically as p ! q.(This asserts that the truth of p guarantees the truth of q.)p ! q can also be read as `p implies q', where p is sometimes called the antecedent and qtheconsequent.Examples:p: It is raining.q: I get wet.p ! q: If it is raining, then I get wet.s: It is Sunday.w: I have to work today.s ! w: If it is Sunday, then I have to work today.»s ! w: If it is not Sunday, then I have to work today.s !»w: If it is Sunday, I do not have to work today.(s ^ p) !»w: If it is Sunday and it's raining, then I don't have to work today.To examine the truth or falsity of p ! q, suppose p and q are the following propositionsp: I win the lottery,q: I will buy you a car.Then p ! q is the statement `If I win the lottery, then I will buy you a car'.
Converse: If p r then p q and q rContrapositive: If not p r then not (p q and q r) = If not p r then not p q or not q r Inverse: If not p q and q r then not p r = If not p q or not q r then not p r
The sum of p and q means (p+q). The difference of p and q means (p-q).
q + p
Not sure I can do a table here but: P True, Q True then P -> Q True P True, Q False then P -> Q False P False, Q True then P -> Q True P False, Q False then P -> Q True It is the same as not(P) OR Q
If p = 50 of q then q is 2% of p.