Q = (1/r)√(l/c)
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Q value is calculated by taking the difference between the total mass-energy of the reactants and the total mass-energy of the products in a nuclear reaction. The formula for calculating Q value is: Q = (mass of reactants - mass of products) * c^2, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.00 x 10^8 m/s).
To calculate the number of electrons required to produce a charge of 230 microcoulombs, you can use the formula Q = N * e, where Q is the charge, N is the number of electrons, and e is the elementary charge (1.6 x 10^-19 C). Rearranging the formula, N = Q / e will give the number of electrons. Plugging in the values, N = 230 * 10^-6 / (1.6 x 10^-19) ≈ 1.44 x 10^15 electrons.
To calculate the energy absorbed by the water, you can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q is the energy absorbed, m is the mass of water (5kg), c is the specific heat capacity of water (4186 J/kg°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature (65°C - 30°C). Plugging in the values gives Q = 5kg * 4186 J/kg°C * (65°C - 30°C). Calculate this to find the energy absorbed in joules.
To calculate the heat released when 5 grams of water vapor cools from 150°C to 105°C, you need to use the specific heat capacity of water. The formula to calculate heat released is: Q = m * c * ΔT, where Q is the heat released, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Substituting the values, you can calculate the heat released.
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You can calculate the change in enthalpy (ΔH) at different temperatures by using the relationship between enthalpy change and heat capacity. You need to know the heat capacity of the system and the temperature change to determine the enthalpy change using the formula ΔH = Cp * ΔT, where Cp is the heat capacity and ΔT is the temperature change.