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501
To find the average of a set of numbers, you add all the numbers together and then divide by the total number of values. In this case, the sum of 124, 148, 207, and 21 is 500. Since there are 4 numbers in the set, you divide 500 by 4 to get an average of 125.
Let's denote the two four-digit numbers as ABCD and EFGH, where A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are digits. The sum of the two numbers is 8000, so we have 1000A + 100B + 10C + D + 1000E + 100F + 10G + H = 8000. The difference between the two numbers is 500, so we have 1000A + 100B + 10C + D - (1000E + 100F + 10G + H) = 500. By solving these two equations simultaneously, we find the two numbers are 4500 and 4000.
The sum of the first 500 counting numbers (1-500) is 125,001.
501