A single part, a portion or specimen representing the characteristics and qualities of the whole. Or a single example of a quantity of mass produced products
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With a good sample, the sample mean gets closer to the population mean.
The variance decreases with a larger sample so that the sample mean is likely to be closer to the population mean.
The sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean because the average of all the possible sample means of size n is equal to the population mean.
The population mean is the mean value of the entire population. Contrast this with sample mean, which is the mean value of a sample of the population.
Standard error of the sample mean is calculated dividing the the sample estimate of population standard deviation ("sample standard deviation") by the square root of sample size.