Since that's a fairly small set, you should be able to check all combinations (for 2 numbers, there are only 4 possible multiplications), and see whether the result is in the set.
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A paddock is a set that satisfies the 4 addition axioms, 4 multiplication axioms and the distributive law of multiplication and addition but instead of 0 not being equal to 1, 0 equals 1. Where 0 is the additive identity and 1 is the multiplicative identity. The only example that comes to mind is the set of just 0 (or 1, which in this case equals 0).
A set of numbers is considered to be closed if and only if you take any 2 numbers and perform an operation on them, the answer will belong to the same set as the original numbers, than the set is closed under that operation. If you add any 2 real numbers, your answer will be a real number, so the real number set is closed under addition. If you divide any 2 whole numbers, your answer could be a repeating decimal, which is not a whole number, and is therefore not closed. As for 0 and 3, the most specific set they belong to is the whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3...) If you add 0 and 3, your answer is 3, which is also a whole number. Therefore, yes 0 and 3 are closed under addition
Don't know about the "following" but any irrational added to its additive inverse is 0, which is rational. Therefore, the set of irrationals is not closed under addition.
For example:* The set of real numbers, excluding zero * The set of rational numbers, excluding zero * The set of complex numbers, excluding zero You can also come up with other sets, for example: * The set {1} * The set of all powers of 2, with an integer exponent, so {... 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...}
yes