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in water there are two bond pairs and two lone pairs where as in CH4 there are are four bond pairs nad no lone pair.

in ch4 there is only bond pair to bond pair repulsion but in water there are three types of repulsions, lone to lone (greatest repulsion), lone to bond ( lesser repulsion ) and bond to bond ( the least repulsion) , therefore due to the presence of two lone pairs in water the bond pairs are repelled with greater force and they get compressed, reducing the ideal bond angle from 109.5 to 104.5

on the other hand, ch4 has only bond pairs and they dont repel each other that strongly so its angle is greater n its 109.5..

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Q: Why is the water bond angle 104.5 less than the CH4 bond angle 109.5?
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