No, not always. Sometimes they are equal. Sometimes they are close to each other, but not exactly the same. Sometimes they are very different. It depends on the numbers that are being used to calculate the mean and median. The way each is calculated is different. The mean is got by adding all the numbers and dividing by the amount of numbers. The median is got by arranging the numbers in order and finding the middle value in the list, if there is an odd amount of numbers, or the value half way between the two middle values when there are an even amount of numbers.
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The mean deviation from the median is equal to the mean minus the median.
Yes.
No, not necessarily. They each measure central tendency but in different ways. The mean measures the average of all of the scores while the mean is the middle score. In a normal distribution the median and mean must be equal. In other data sets, they may or may not be equal. For example, the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10} has a mean of 28/7 = 4 and a median of 3.
The median and mode.
One of the characteristics of mean when measuring central tendency is that when there are positively skewed distributions, the mean is always greater than the median. Another characteristic is that when there are negatively skewed distributions, the mean is always less than the median.