No, whole numbers are not closed under division. It is possible to divide one whole number by another whole number and get a result which is not a whole number, for example, 1/2. One divided by two is a half.
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The whole numbers are not closed under division! The statement is false since, for example, 2/3 is not a whole number.
The first need arose when it was found that the set of whole numbers was not closed under division. That is, given whole numbers A and B (B non-zero), that, in general, A/B was not a whole number - but a fraction.
No, the result of a division of one whole number into another might be a whole number, but could also be a fraction.
Yes.
Yes. When you add any whole numbers you get another whole number. That is what closed means in this context. The answer is still a whole number.