The set of positive whole numbers is not closed under subtraction! In order for a set of numbers to be closed under some operation would mean that if you take any two elements of that set and use the operation the resulting "answer" would also be in the original set.
26 is a positive whole number.
40 is a positive whole number.
However 26-40 = -14 which is clearly not a positive whole number. So positive whole numbers are not closed under subtraction.
Chat with our AI personalities
Subtraction.
To be closed under an operation, when that operation is applied to two member of a set then the result must also be a member of the set. Thus the sets ℂ (Complex numbers), ℝ (Real Numbers), ℚ (Rational Numbers) and ℤ (integers) are closed under subtraction. ℤ+ (the positive integers), ℤ- (the negative integers) and ℕ (the natural numbers) are not closed under subtraction as subtraction can lead to a result which is not a member of the set.
They are closed under all except that division by zero is not defined.
You can give hundreds of examples, but a single counterexample shows that natural numbers are NOT closed under subtraction or division. For example, 1 - 2 is NOT a natural number, and 1 / 2 is NOT a natural number.
Sets of numbers that are closed under addition include the integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers. This means that when you add any two numbers from these sets, the result will also belong to the same set. For example, adding two integers will always result in another integer. This property is fundamental in mathematics and is essential for performing operations without leaving the set.