Integral of [1/(sin x cos x) dx] (substitute sin2 x + cos2 x for 1)
= Integral of [(sin2 x + cos2 x)/(sin x cos x) dx]
= Integral of [sin2 x/(sin x cos x) dx] + Integral of [cos2 x/(sin x cos x) dx]
= Integral of (sin x/cos x dx) + Integral of (cos x/sin x dx)
= Integral of tan x dx + Integral of cot x dx
= ln |sec x| + ln |sin x| + C
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The Integral diverges. It has singularities whenever sin(x)+cos(x)=0. Singularities do not necessarily imply that the integral goes to infinity, but that is the case here, since the indefinite integral is x/2 + 1/2 Log[-Cos[x] - Sin[x]]. Obviously this diverges when evaluated at zero and 2pi.
cscx-sinx=(cosx)(cotx) 1/sinx-sinx=(cosx)(cosx/sinx) (1/sinx)-(sin^2x/sinx)=cos^2x/sinx cos^2x/sinx=cos^2x/sinx Therefore LS=RS You have to remember some trig identities when answering these questions. In this case, you need to recall that sin^2x+cos^2x=1. Also, always switch tanx cotx cscx secx in terms of sinx and cosx.
= cos(x)-(cos3(x))/3 * * * * * Right numbers, wrong sign! Int(sin3x)dx = Int(sin2x*sinx)dx = Int[(1-cos2x)*sinx]dx = Int(sinx)dx + Int[-cos2x*sinx]dx Int(sinx)dx = -cosx . . . . . (I) Int[-cos2x*sinx]dx Let u = cosx, the du = -sinxdx so Int(u2)du = u3/3 = 1/3*cos3x . . . . (II) So Int(sin3x)dx = 1/3*cos3x - cosx + C Alternatively, using the multiple angle identities, you can show that sin3x = 1/4*[3sinx - sin3x] which gives Int(sin3x)dx = 1/4*{1/3*cos(3x) - 3cosx} + C
you need this identities to solve the problem..that is something you have to memorized sec x= 1/cosx 1-cos2x= sin2x tanx= sin x/cosx also, sin 2x= (sinx)(sinx) sec x - cosx= sin x tanx (1/cosx)-cosx= sin x tanx .. 1-cos2x / cosx=sin x tanx sin2x/ cosx= sin x tanx (sin x/cox)( sin x)= sin x tanx tanx sinx= sin x tanx
d/dx cscx = d/dx 1/sinx = d/dx (sinx)-1= -(sinx)-2 cosx = -cosx/sin2x = -1/sinx.cosx/sinx = -cscx cotx I suggest you copy this out onto paper so it is more clear. The / signs make it harder to see what is happening compared to horizontal divide lines.